Ma Operating System Kodi ma Windows opareshoni ndi matembenuzidwe anji?

Kachitidwe Kachitidwe

1. Mawindo:
   Makina ogwiritsira ntchito Windows ndi amodzi mwa machitidwe odziwika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
   Dongosololi linapangidwa ndi Microsoft ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makompyuta ambiri.
   Ili ndi mawonekedwe osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndipo imapereka zinthu zambiri komanso ntchito.
2. Linux:
   Linux ndi imodzi mwamakina amphamvu kwambiri komanso otchuka otsegulira magwero.
   Ndilosavuta komanso lotetezeka, ndipo ndimakonda kwambiri opanga ma IT komanso okonda masewera.
   Linux imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zambiri monga zida zam'manja ndi maseva.
3. iOS:
   Ndi makina opangira opangidwa ndi Apple ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazogulitsa zake monga iPhone ndi iPad.
   iOS ili ndi mawonekedwe okongola komanso osalala ndipo imapereka mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri ogwiritsa ntchito ndi mapulogalamu ndi ntchito zambiri zapadera.
4. Android:
   Makina ogwiritsira ntchito a Android ndi amodzi mwa machitidwe odziwika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndipo amakonda kwambiri mafoni ndi mapiritsi.
   Zopangidwa ndi Google, dongosololi limapereka kusinthika kwakukulu kwa ogwiritsa ntchito chifukwa cha sitolo yayikulu yamapulogalamu osiyanasiyana ndi makonda.
5. macOS:
   Ndi makina opangira opangidwa ndi Apple ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa makompyuta a Mac okha.
   Mac OS ndi njira yokhazikika komanso yotetezeka, ndipo imapereka mawonekedwe okongola komanso osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito komanso mapulogalamu apadera.

Pomaliza, makina ogwiritsira ntchito ndi amodzi mwamagawo ofunikira pakompyuta iliyonse.
Imayang'anira ndikukonza ntchito zonse, mapulogalamu ndi zigawo zofunika kuti chipangizocho chizigwira ntchito bwino.
Machitidwe ogwiritsira ntchito amasiyana ndi mawonekedwe awo ndi ubwino omwe amapereka, kotero dongosolo loyenera liyenera kusankhidwa malinga ndi zosowa za wogwiritsa ntchito.

Kodi kufunika kwa opareshoni ndi chiyani?

Makina ogwiritsira ntchito ndi gawo lofunikira pakompyuta iliyonse, ndipo amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri kuti azitha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino komanso moyenera.
Nawu mndandanda womwe ukuwonetsa kufunikira kwa makina ogwiritsira ntchito:

1. Kuwongolera kwazinthu: Makina ogwiritsira ntchito ndi chida champhamvu chowongolera ndikuwongolera zinthu, monga kukumbukira kwakukulu ndi hard disk.
   Ndi kuwongolera uku, dongosololi limatha kugawa zinthu moyenera ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a chipangizocho.
2. Kulankhulana pakati pa wogwiritsa ntchito ndi chipangizochi: Dongosolo lothandizira ndi njira yofunikira yomvetsetsa pakati pa wogwiritsa ntchito ndi kompyuta.
   Amapereka mawonekedwe osavuta omwe wogwiritsa ntchito angagwirizane ndi mapulogalamu ndi mapulogalamu ndikuchita ntchito zosiyanasiyana.
3. Kulumikizana pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito ndi mapulogalamu: Makina ogwiritsira ntchito ndiye kulumikizana kwakukulu pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito ndi mapulogalamu omwe adayikidwa pakompyuta.
   Dongosololi limagwira ntchito mwachindunji ndi mapulogalamu, kuzichita, ndikuzikweza kuti ziyendetse.
4. Kupereka mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito: Njira yogwiritsira ntchito imapereka mawonekedwe osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, pomwe wogwiritsa ntchito amatha kulumikizana ndi zida ndi mapulogalamu mosavuta komanso mosavuta.
   Dongosololi limathandizanso kukonza ntchito zambiri zofunika monga kasamalidwe ka mafayilo, intaneti ndi kulumikizana.
5. Kukonzekera kwa Hardware: Makina ogwiritsira ntchito amayang'anira ndikusintha zida zapachipangizo monga makina osindikizira, makina ojambulira, ndi mawu.
   Zimathandizira kulumikiza zida izi ku kompyuta ndikuzikonzekera kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito.
6. Chitetezo ndi chitetezo: Makina ogwiritsira ntchito ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri popereka chitetezo cha data ndi chitetezo ku cyber-attack.
   Imapereka njira zotetezera zambiri zaumwini ndikuyendetsa mapulogalamu odana ndi ma virus.

Ndi mitundu yanji yamakina ogwiritsira ntchito Windows?

Microsoft Windows ndi imodzi mwamakina akuluakulu apakompyuta, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana idapangidwa zaka zambiri, popeza Microsoft yasintha ndikukhazikitsa dongosolo kuti likhale lamphamvu komanso losavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.
Nawu mndandanda wamakanema otchuka:

1. Windows 1.0:
   Mtundu woyamba wa Windows udatulutsidwa mu Novembala 1985.
   Mawonekedwe ake osuta anali osavuta komanso ochepa.
2. Windows 3.0:
   Inatulutsidwa mu 1990 ndipo inabweretsa kusintha kwakukulu pakuchita ndi kukhazikika.
   Zapangidwa kuti zizigwira ntchito pamakompyuta okhala ndi mapurosesa otsika kwambiri.
3. Windows 95:
   Idatulutsidwa mu 1995 ndipo idawona kusintha kwakukulu pamawonekedwe a ogwiritsa ntchito ndi zida zapaintaneti.
   Windows 95 ndiye mtundu womwe unatipatsa menyu yodziwika bwino ya Start.
4. Windows XP:
   Idatulutsidwa mu 2001, ndi imodzi mwazotulutsa zodziwika bwino komanso zopambana.
   Windows XP idabweretsa kusintha kwakukulu pamachitidwe ndi chitetezo.
5. Windows 7:
   Idatulutsidwa mchaka cha 2009 ndipo imapereka mawonekedwe okhazikika komanso osavuta a ogwiritsa ntchito.
6. Windows 8:
   Idatulutsidwa mu 2012 ndikuyambitsa zatsopano zogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito omwe amadziwika kuti Start Screen.
7. Windows 10:
   Idatulutsidwa mu 2015 ndipo ndi mtundu waposachedwa wa opareshoni.
   Windows 10 ndikuwongolera kwakukulu kuposa matembenuzidwe am'mbuyomu ndipo imayambitsa zinthu zamakono monga App Store ndi wothandizira payekha wotchedwa Cortana.

Awa ndi ena mwa mitundu yotchuka ya Windows, ndipo mndandandawo umaphatikizaponso mitundu ina yambiri yomwe idatulutsidwa zaka zambiri.
Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti zosintha ndi zina zowonjezera machitidwe opangira opaleshoni amamasulidwa nthawi zonse kuti apititse patsogolo chitetezo ndi ntchito ndikuwonjezera zatsopano.

Kuti muwone mtundu womwe chipangizo chanu chikuyenda, mutha kukanikiza kiyi ya logo ya Windows + R kenako lembani "winver" m'bokosi losakira ndikutsimikizira mtundu womwe wawonetsedwa mu pop-up.

Kodi opareshoni ili pa kompyuta?

Makina ogwiritsira ntchito ndi pulogalamu yoyambira yomwe imayang'anira magwiridwe antchito a kompyuta ndikuwongolera zinthu zake zonse.
Koma kodi dongosololi limayikidwa pati mu chipangizocho? Tiyeni tipeze m'ndandandawu.

1. Hard Disk:
   Makina ogwiritsira ntchito amaikidwa pa hard drive mu kompyuta.
   Mafayilo akuluakulu a dongosololi amasungidwa m'gawo linalake la hard disk, momwe ndondomeko ya boot imayambira pamene kompyuta yatsegulidwa.
2. Kutsitsa koyamba:
   Kompyutayo ikayamba, gawo loyambirira la opareshoni limakwezedwa kuchokera kugawo lodzipatulira pa hard disk ndi pulogalamu yaying'ono yotchedwa Bootloader.
   Pulogalamuyi imapanga malamulo oyambira kuti atsegule makina onse ogwiritsira ntchito.
3. CD kapena flash drive:
   Pazida zina, makina ogwiritsira ntchito amatha kuyikidwa pa CD/DVD kapena pa USB flash drive.
   Njirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyika makina pakompyuta kapena pakanthawi kochepa pakakhala vuto ndi hard drive.
4. RAM:
   Gawo loyamba la boot litatsitsidwa, zigawo zina zapakati pa opareshoni zimayikidwa mu kukumbukira mwachisawawa (RAM), womwe ndi mtundu wa kukumbukira kwakanthawi.
   Makina ogwiritsira ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito zigawozi zomwe zasungidwa mu RAM kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikugwira ntchito mofulumira komanso zosalala.
5. Zosintha:
   Pakhoza kukhala zosintha zamakina ogwiritsira ntchito pafupipafupi.
   Zosinthazi zimatsitsidwa ndikuyika pa hard drive yanu kapena nthawi zina kudzera pa intaneti.
   Zosintha zimakonza zovuta zamakina, kukonza magwiridwe antchito, ndikuwonjezera zatsopano.

Tikhoza kunena kuti opaleshoni dongosolo anaika ndi kuthamanga kuchokera cholimba litayamba, CD-ROM kapena USB kung'anima pagalimoto mu kompyuta.
Imadaliranso RAM kutsitsa ndikuyendetsa zinthu zina.
Mungafunike zosintha nthawi ndi nthawi kuti muwongolere magwiridwe antchito ndikuwonetsetsa chitetezo chake.

Kodi opareshoni ndi chiyani?

• Opaleshoni ndi pulogalamu yoyambira yamakompyuta yomwe imayang'anira ndikuwongolera zida zamakompyuta ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a mapulogalamu ndi mapulogalamu ena.
  Makina ogwiritsira ntchito ndi mawonekedwe pakati pa wogwiritsa ntchito ndi makompyuta, kukonza ndi kuyang'anira ntchito ndi zothandizira.
• Pali makina ambiri ogwiritsira ntchito omwe alipo, monga Windows kuchokera ku Microsoft, Mac OS kuchokera ku Apple, Linux, ndi Android, ndipo machitidwewa amasiyana mawonekedwe ndi luso lawo.
• Makina ogwiritsira ntchito amayang'anira purosesa yapakati, RAM, magawo a hard disk ndi zigawo zina zonse pakompyuta.
• Makina ogwiritsira ntchito ali ndi mapulogalamu oyambirira monga boot loader, kernel ya dongosolo yomwe imayendetsa ntchito ya chipangizocho, ndi mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito omwe amalola wogwiritsa ntchito kuyanjana ndi kompyuta.
• Makina ogwiritsira ntchito amapereka mawonekedwe osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito kwa wogwiritsa ntchito, pomwe wogwiritsa ntchito amatha kuchita ntchito zosiyanasiyana monga kutsegula mapulogalamu, kusakatula pa intaneti, kupanga ndi kusintha zikalata, kuphatikiza pakuwongolera mafayilo, osindikiza, ndi zida zina.
• Machitidwe ogwiritsira ntchito amasiyana ndi luso lawo logwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zamakompyuta, ndipo pali machitidwe omwe amapangidwira makamaka zipangizo zamakono monga mafoni a m'manja ndi mapiritsi.
• Makina ogwiritsira ntchito ndi pulogalamu yofunika kwambiri pakompyuta, chifukwa imalola wogwiritsa ntchito kuchita ntchito zonse ndi ntchito.
  Ndikofunika kuti makina ogwiritsira ntchito azikhala okhazikika komanso otetezeka kuti apewe mavuto kapena kulephera kwadongosolo.
• Makina ogwiritsira ntchito amasinthidwa nthawi zonse ndikupangidwa kuti apititse patsogolo magwiridwe antchito ndikuwonjezera zatsopano, ndipo wogwiritsa ntchito amatha kusintha makina ogwiritsira ntchito pa intaneti kuti apindule nazo.
• Njira yogwiritsira ntchito ndiyo msana wa kompyuta iliyonse, chifukwa imayang'anira zothandizira ndi mapulogalamu ndipo imapangitsa kuti wogwiritsa ntchito azigwiritsa ntchito makompyuta mosavuta komanso moyenera.

Kodi zigawo za opareshoni ndi ziti?

Makina ogwiritsira ntchito ndi mapulogalamu omwe amayendetsa ndikuwongolera zigawo zikuluzikulu za kompyuta ndikulola wogwiritsa ntchito kuchita ntchito zosiyanasiyana.
Apa tikuwunikanso zigawo zisanu zazikulu zomwe zimapanga maziko a makina ogwiritsira ntchito:

XNUMX.
Nucleus:
Kernel ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pamakina ogwiritsira ntchito.
Ndilo gawo lofunikira lomwe limachita mwachindunji ndi zida zonse zamakompyuta, monga CPU, kukumbukira, ndi zolowetsa ndi zotulutsa.
Kernel ili ndi ntchito zambiri zofunika monga kasamalidwe ka ntchito, kukonzekera ndi kukonza, komanso kasamalidwe ka kukumbukira.

XNUMX.
mawonekedwe ogwiritsa ntchito:
Chigawochi chimalola wogwiritsa ntchito kuyanjana ndi makina ogwiritsira ntchito kudzera mumitundu yosiyanasiyana, monga zithunzi, zolemba, ndi zithunzi.
Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi zinthu monga taskbar, Start menyu, ndi desktop.
Mawonekedwe a ogwiritsa ntchito amapereka njira yosavuta kuti wogwiritsa ntchito amalize ntchito ndikupeza mafayilo ndi mapulogalamu.

XNUMX.
Kuwongolera kukumbukira:
Kasamalidwe ka Memory ndi ntchito yokonza ndikugawa kukumbukira mu chipangizo.
Imachita ndi kugawa malo pokumbukira mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti palibe mikangano pakati pawo.
Imayang'aniranso kukumbukira, komwe dongosolo lingagwiritse ntchito gawo la hard disk ngati kukumbukira kwakanthawi.

XNUMX.
Woyang'anira mafayilo:
Chigawochi chimakhala ndi udindo woyang'anira mafayilo ndi zikwatu pakompyuta.
File Manager imapatsa ogwiritsa ntchito mwayi wopanga, kusintha ndikuchotsa mafayilo ndi zikwatu.
Imagwiranso ntchito kusanja ndi kukonza mafayilo m'njira yoyenera, monga kusanja potengera mtundu kapena deti.

XNUMX.
Pulogalamu yoyang'anira zida:
Chigawochi chimakhala ndi udindo wogwiritsa ntchito zida zakunja zolumikizidwa ndi kompyuta yanu, monga osindikiza, makina ojambulira, ndi makiyibodi.
Chipangizo Choyang'anira Chipangizo chimalumikiza zida izi kudongosolo, kuzizindikira, ndikulola wogwiritsa ntchito kuti aziwongolera kudzera pa opareshoni.

Mwachidule, opareshoni ndi gulu la zigawo zomwe zimagwirira ntchito limodzi kuti zithandizire ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito apakompyuta.
Kupyolera mu kernel, mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito, woyang'anira kukumbukira, woyang'anira mafayilo, ndi woyang'anira chipangizo, dongosololi limaphatikizidwa komanso limagwira ntchito bwino, ndipo chidziwitso cha ogwiritsa ntchito chimalimbikitsidwa.

Kodi makina opangira odziwika kwambiri ndi ati?

Makina ogwiritsira ntchito ndi ofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito makompyuta ndi zida zanzeru.Izi ndi zina mwamapulogalamu ofunikira kwambiri omwe amayendetsa magwiridwe antchito a chipangizocho ndikuthandizira kulumikizana pakati pa wogwiritsa ntchito ndi chipangizocho.
M'nkhaniyi, tikuwonetsani machitidwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi:

1. Mawindo:
   Makina ogwiritsira ntchito Windows ndi amodzi mwa machitidwe otchuka kwambiri padziko lapansi.
   Idapangidwa ndi Microsoft, ndipo idayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu 1985.
   Windows imapereka mawonekedwe osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito omwe amalola wogwiritsa ntchito kuyendetsa mapulogalamu ndikuwongolera mafayilo mosavuta.
2. macOS:
   Ndi makina ogwiritsira ntchito omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu laputopu ya Macintosh kuchokera ku Apple.
   Mac imadziwika ndi mawonekedwe ake owoneka bwino komanso osavuta ogwiritsa ntchito, komanso kuyang'ana kwake pakugwiritsa ntchito bwino komanso kothandiza.
   MacOS imapereka zinthu zambiri zapadera ndi mapulogalamu, monga iCloud ndi iMessage.
3. Makina ogwiritsira ntchito a Linux:
   Linux ndi imodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino zotsegulira gwero.
   Ndi yaulere ndipo imatha kusinthidwa ndikupangidwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito.
   Linux imachokera ku Linux kernel ndipo ili ndi magawo ambiri osiyanasiyana monga Ubuntu, Fedora, ndi Debian.
4. iOS:
   Ndi makina ogwiritsira ntchito omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu iPhones ndi iPads kuchokera ku Apple.
   iOS imadziwika ndi chitetezo chake komanso magwiridwe antchito osalala, komanso popereka zida zambiri zothandiza ndi zida kwa wogwiritsa ntchito.
5. Android OS:
   Ndi njira yotsegulira yotsegulira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafoni am'manja kuchokera kwa opanga osiyanasiyana monga Samsung, Huawei ndi Google Pixel.
   Android ndi yosinthika komanso yogwirizana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ntchito ndi ntchito.
6. Chrome OS:
   Ndi makina ogwiritsira ntchito omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu Chromebook laputopu kuchokera ku Google.
   Yopangidwa ndi mapulogalamu apaintaneti komanso kusungirako mitambo, Chrome OS ndiyofulumira, yotetezeka, komanso yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.

Izi ndi zina mwa machitidwe otchuka omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi.
Kugwiritsa ntchito njira iliyonse yopangira opaleshoni kumasiyana malinga ndi zosowa za wogwiritsa ntchito komanso zomwe amakonda, ndipo ndikofunikira kusankha dongosolo lomwe likugwirizana ndi zosowa zanu ndikukupatsani mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito bwino komanso wosavuta.

macOS

Apple idapanga makina ogwiritsira ntchito a macOS, omwe ndi amodzi mwa machitidwe odziwika kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Dongosololi limapereka mwayi wapadera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ake, okhala ndi zinthu zambiri zatsopano komanso mawonekedwe othandiza.
Apa mupeza mndandanda wazinthu zodziwika bwino zamakina opangira macOS:

1. Chosavuta komanso chodziwikiratu: Mawonekedwe a macOS ndi osavuta komanso owoneka bwino, opereka menyu omwe amapezeka mwachangu komanso amatha kusanja mafayilo mosavuta.
2. Kuphatikiza ndi zida zina za Apple: macOS ndi gawo la chilengedwe chophatikizika cha Apple, chogwirizana ndi Mac, iPhone, iPad, Apple Watch, ndi Apple TV.
3. Chitetezo chapamwamba: macOS ili ndi chitetezo chokhazikika, kuphatikiza zosintha pafupipafupi kuti ziwonjezeke pachiwopsezo ndikusunga zinsinsi zanu ndi zidziwitso zachinsinsi.
4. Gulu lamphamvu la Madivelopa: Pali mapulogalamu ambiri ndi mapulogalamu opangidwa makamaka a macOS, omwe amapereka mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito makonda kwa ogwiritsa ntchito.
5. Gwiritsani ntchito iCloud: Gwiritsani ntchito iCloud kuti mupeze mafayilo anu mosavuta, zithunzi, ndi zosunga zobwezeretsera pazida zanu zonse.
   MacOS imalolanso kuti zinthu zigwirizane pakati pa zida zosiyanasiyana za Apple.
6. Mapulogalamu amphamvu omangidwira: macOS amabwera atayikiridwa kale ndi mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana opangidwa, kuphatikiza Safari (yosakatula), Imelo (imelo), Masamba ndi Nambala, Keynote (yamafayilo akuofesi), ndi zina zambiri.
7. Khalani opindulitsa kwambiri: macOS imapereka zida ndi zinthu zambiri zomwe zimathandizira kukulitsa zokolola, kuphatikiza mawonekedwe a ntchito, zidziwitso, zowerengera nthawi, ndi kompyuta yokonzedwa bwino.
8. Thandizo lamphamvu pamasewera ndi mapulogalamu: Makina ogwiritsira ntchito a macOS ali ndi chithandizo champhamvu pamasewera ndi mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana, zomwe zimapereka mwayi wosangalatsa komanso wosinthika kwa ogwiritsa ntchito.
9. Yang'anirani nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito: Chida cha Screen Time chopangidwa mu macOS chimatha kuyang'anira nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito chipangizo chanu ndikuyika malire a nthawi ya mapulogalamu.
10. Ikani zosintha zachizolowezi: Ndi App Store, zosintha ndi zosintha zomwe zatulutsidwa ndi Apple zitha kukhazikitsidwa mosavuta, kuwonetsetsa kuti wogwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse amapindula ndikusintha kwadongosolo.